The Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical component of the Internet infrastructure that translates domain names into IP addresses. It is essentially a phonebook for the Internet, where domain names are listed with their corresponding IP addresses.

So, when a user types in a domain name in their browser, the browser sends a query to the local DNS resolver. The resolver then sends a recursive query to the root DNS server, which responds by directing the resolver to the appropriate TLD (Top Level Domain) DNS server. The TLD server then directs the resolver to the authoritative DNS server for the specific domain.

The authoritative DNS server responds with the IP address associated with the domain name, and the resolver caches the response to speed up future queries for the same domain name. The resolver then sends the IP address to the user's browser, which can then establish a connection with the appropriate web server.

DNS operates on a hierarchical system with multiple levels of DNS servers, each responsible for a different level of the domain name hierarchy. This distributed system helps to ensure the reliability and speed of DNS queries, as well as providing redundancy in case of server failure.

Step 1: Local DNS Resolver

When a user types in a domain name in their browser, the browser sends a query to the local DNS resolver. The local DNS resolver is typically provided by the user's ISP (Internet Service Provider) and is responsible for forwarding the query to the appropriate DNS server.

Step 2: Recursive Query to the Root DNS Server

If the local DNS resolver does not have the IP address for the requested domain name in its cache, it sends a recursive query to the root DNS server. The root DNS server is the starting point of the DNS hierarchy and is responsible for directing the resolver to the appropriate TLD DNS server.

Step 3: TLD DNS Server

The TLD DNS server is responsible for directing the resolver to the authoritative DNS server for the specific domain. TLDs include

• .com

• .org

• .edu

and country specific TLDs like

• .in

• .uk

• .au and many more

Step 4: Authoritative DNS Server

This is responsible for storing the IP address associated with the domain name. When the resolver sends a query to the authoritative DNS server, it responds with the IP address, which is then sent back to the user's browser.

Step 5: Caching the Response

To speed up future queries for the same domain name, the resolver caches the response from the authoritative DNS server. This means that if the user types in the same domain name again, the resolver can return the IP address more quickly, without having to send a query to the root DNS server.

Step 6: Establishing a Connection

Once the resolver has the IP address for the requested domain name, it sends it back to the user's browser, which can then establish a connection with the appropriate web server. The web server then sends the requested web page back to the user's browser, which displays it on the screen.

In conclusion, DNS is a crucial component of the functioning of the Internet by translating domain names into IP addresses. It uses a hierarchical system of servers to ensure the reliability and speed of queries, making it an essential component of the Internet infrastructure. Understanding how DNS works is important for anyone who uses the Internet, as it helps to explain why some websites may load faster than others and how to troubleshoot DNS-related issues.

“The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it."

-Dr. Mark Weiser, Father of Ubiquitous Computing

Introduction

Each day the amount of data produced is humongous. Each second, the present-day Internet allows massively heterogeneous traffic through it. This network traffic consists of images, videos, music, speech, text, numbers, binary codes, device status, banking messages etc and all these devices through the network for the transmission of data

Data from sensors and actuators, healthcare data, data from vehicles, home automation system status and control messages, military communications, and many more. This huge variety of data is generated from a massive number of connected devices, which may be directly connected to the Internet or connected through gateway devices This modern-day dawn of network-connected devices has given rise to the popular model of the Internet Of Things

IoT is an anytime, anyplace, and anything system or network of physical objects with Internet access that can sense their surroundings and make intelligent changes to those surroundings. On the "things" connected to the Internet, low-power, low-form-factor embedded CPUs are typically used to do this. In other words, the Internet of Things (IoT) can be thought of as a collection of interconnected machines, tools, and gadgets. These items are made up of sensors, actuators, and processors, which communicate with the Internet via wireless technologies. Another school of thought likewise believes that the IoT paradigm is inherently dependent on wired Internet access. For the sake of consistency, we shall refer to any technology—wired or wireless—allowing connection to the Internet in this book as an IoT-enabling technology.

Networking

IoT devices use basic principles of Computer Networking and basic terminologies (FTP, HTTPS, IP, SMTP) and technologies (LAN, WAN, MAN, PAN ) many more. The intercommunication between any two devices whether it's small scale or large scale the set of information has to pass through Layered Network Models like:

1. ISO-OSI which is popularly called the OSI model

2. TCP/IP Suite (Internet Protocol Suite )

It also uses different addressing terminologies for uniquely identifying the systems using an IP address or MAC address so these ideas on what two systems must come across in order to establish a connection between two systems

Associated IOT technologies

1. Cloud Computing

2. Conversational AI Eg: Alexa, Cortana, Google Assistant

3. Fog Computing

Future of IoT

1.🌽IoT in Agriculture 🥬🍎

At the moment, IoT-enabled technologies are widely employed to increase agricultural output, generate significant money, and improve farming efficiency. Precision farming benefits from the advancement of the IoT paradigm. Crop health monitoring, water management, crop security, farming vehicle tracking, automatic sowing, and automatic pesticide spraying are all functions of agricultural IoT systems. Different sensors must be installed over agricultural fields in an IoT-based agricultural system, and the detected data from these sensors must be communicated to a centralized entity such as a server, cloud, or fog device. These data must also be processed and evaluated in order to deliver various agricultural services. Finally, these services should be accessible via mobile devices or laptops.

2.In Vehicles 🚗 🚀

The use of connected vehicles is rapidly expanding around the world. As a result, the number of on-road accidents and traffic mismanagement is on the rise. The increasing number of vehicles creates a parking issue. However, the evolution of IoT aids in the formation of a connected vehicular environment to efficiently manage transportation systems. Vehicular IoT systems have infiltrated various aspects of the transportation ecosystem, including on-road and off-road traffic management, driver safety for large and small vehicles, and public transportation security. Vehicles in a connected vehicular environment are capable of communicating and sharing information. Furthermore, IoT allows a vehicle to sense its internal and external environments to make autonomous decisions. the best example is the self-driving cars by Tesla which are already ahead

3.IoT in Healthcare🚑

The salient features of IoT encourage researchers and industries to develop new IoT-based technologies for healthcare. These technologies have given rise to small, power-efficient, health monitoring and diagnostic systems. Consequently, the development of numerous healthcare technologies and systems has rapidly increased over the last few years. Currently, various IoT-enabled healthcare devices are in wide use around the globe for diagnosing human diseases, monitoring human health conditions, and caring/monitoring for elders, children, and even infants. Moreover, IoT-based healthcare systems and services help to increase the quality of life for common human beings; in fact, it has a promising scope of revolutionizing healthcare in developing nations

IoT is a very broad topic it is interconnected to AI/Machine Learning and it is growing day by day as there are each new research papers published on AI/ML and ideas are being invented each and every day so definitely wireless communications are going to dominate in the future (well it have already started :)

Thank You for reading this blog till the very end, Hope you enjoyed reading this blog

~Likhith

Peace and Love ♥

In most movies and television shows, a character is seen in front of a laptop, working furiously, and then everything magically works.

This is why impostor syndrome affects so many people, even those who have been programming for a long time and never feel confident in their coding abilities.

You constantly feel as though other people are more knowledgeable than you are because of how coding is depicted in the media.

Actually, a lot of programming involves questioning and searching for answers.... Yes seriously that's how it is 🤷🏻‍♂️

Programming involves a lot of online research 👨🏻‍🔬 to find things that have been successful for others and then adapting them to YOUR project.

When faced with a challenge, the majority of individuals quit up.

They'll either give up or simply ask someone for an explanation before going, "Okay, this task is too challenging. I'm not capable of doing it."

Nope. Google the heck out of it, you know.👊🏻

Watch the tutorial to learn how they added this particular feature to their own project. You could try to incorporate it into your own project after taking it.

It's a fantastic skill to have, and the way you get it is through overcoming obstacles and seeing a task through to completion.

If you see me or anybody code a project, it's not going to be as exciting as you think it is.

I'm not just going to be sitting there and just coding it from scratch. 😴

I'll be looking up stuff, I'll be pulling pieces of code, I'll be trying to think of things, I'll think of ideas... and then I'll keep moving on. 🚀

That's how you code and overcome imposter syndrome 💯

-Likhith

1. Web development is a very versatile skill that can be used in many different fields.
2. Web development can help you build more efficient and user-friendly websites.

So what is Web Development ??💻

Web development is the process of creating websites. To be more specific, it is the process of planning and building a website such as a blog or corporate website from scratch using HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), and other technologies.

There are many different types of web development, such as front-end development ( designing and creating the graphical layout of the website) and back-end development ( writing the software that powers the website). There are also several types of web development jobs, such as web developers who work for agencies or consultants who work for in-house development teams.

How WEBSITES work🤔?

Imagine, for instance, that you choose to start a bakery in the real world,you would first need to hire a place to keep it, am I correct? The same applies to websites. However you don't have a space on the main drag, you are paying for server space. there are numerous options for services that can automatically handle this but first, let's take a short look at what happens in the background.

Here is some technical stuff.🤓 The code👩🏻‍💻, the graphics the video📹 clips, and pretty much everything else that really makes up your website, are stored or hosted on computer that is linked to the internet and has special software that enables this. It si referred to as a server since it provides the appropriate content when requested,or when a user genuinely wants to view a page on your website.There are several businesses and services available nowadays that will let you rent space on a server and host your website. It resembles a physical store in every way. They will look after your property while you pay ongoing hosting charge that is comparable to rent of the technical aspects of running a server so that you don't have to. Each and every server in the entire world has a unique address. The abbreviation for this is an IP address, or Internet Protocol address. The only thing you need to know is that it is length series of numbers, which indicates that any internet connected device may communicate with the server and locate it . Fortunately, you are not required to understand they are saying to one another. All you have to do is pick a nicer moniker to refer to that IP number. The site address or domain name, which conveniently gets us to the second section of the movie,is a good example. Similar to how people would find your physical bakery, your domain name will help potential clients find you online. It is the thing tht you type into the browser window to get any website like www.google.com or www.commclassroom.org

Okay so now lets take a deep breathe and lets study this thing for a moment.

The domain name is actually everything that comes following the www. It's the section where visitors can really find your website. So it's pretty crucial any computer, tablet,smartphone or other devices that looks up this address is in communication with the server.So that whoever is on the other end of the device can actually view the pages, the server then gives the device all the correct elements it needs to display the website, like graphics and code, so that whoever is on the other end of the device can actually view the pages, the server then gives that device all the correct elements it needs to display the website like graphics and code.

Here's what generally occurs when someone types that website address into thier browser:

1.The browser first determines which server hosts the material before making its way to that server,the browser then requests that its be given all the necessary components in order to show the user this website.

2.The server then responds,"Sure here are five photos two scripts and some more files." The browser assembles everything so the user may view your properly structured website,and that's about it; if they were speakign bits and bytes instead of English or Hindi it would be even more perplexing..😄

If anyone asks why should I learn web development❓

Learning to code is an important skill that can lead to many career paths that can take you to great places! Web development is a versatile skill that can be used in many different fields, such as graphic design, software engineering, marketing, and many other fields. For example, if you already know how to code, you can dive deeper into the field and become a software engineer, or you may decide to work as a graphic designer and write HTML and CSS for your own website.

In addition, learning web development is a great way to increase your own knowledge about programming and web design. In fact, you can even become a software engineer or web designer if you don’t know how to code but still have a passion for coding and design.

Let's look what are the different roles of HTML,CSS and JavaScript through this gif

BONUS: These Codepens which are super cool 🤯🔥

You can also find me on Twitter and GitHub

Thanks for reading 😀.. So if you are a newbie to Web Development what are you waiting for.. Go and write you first hello world in HTML and get started in Web Development...

Resources:

1.Clever Programmer

2.Web Dev Simplified

3.Codepen